Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic condition affecting the nose. In people with atrophic rhinitis, the membranes and walls surrounding the naval cavity become thinner, causing the nasal passages within the nose to become wider. As more air is allowed through these passages, the inside walls become dry. The membranes and walls become covered in a thick, grayish crust. As this crust falls off, it may cause bleeding. The mucous membranes may produce a greenish-colored mucous.
There are two types of atrophic rhinitis, affecting when symptoms may be noticed. Those with primary atrophic rhinitis – in which the cause is unknown – first notice symptoms in adolescence or puberty. Secondary atrophic rhinitis may occur at any age, with symptoms usually caused by an infection, exposure to radiation, or a previous nasal surgery.
People with atrophic rhinitis often notice a reduced sense of smell or a foul smell coming from their nose. In many cases, the foul smell is the first symptom noticed, and the one that prompts the patient to visit his or her doctor, sometimes out of embarrassment from this noticeable odor. Nosebleeds are also common. In some people, the condition also causes damage to the throat, larynx, or ears, resulting in a hoarse voice, frequent coughing, or mild hearing loss.
While atrophic rhinitis is an incurable condition, there are treatments available to manage or alleviate the symptoms. Frequent nasal irrigation may prevent the formation of crusts, while nasal drops or antibiotics can reduce the smell coming from the nose.
